Corrosion Resistant Alloy
Lub ntsiab alloying ntsiab yog tooj liab, chromium thiab molybdenum. Nws muaj cov khoom zoo meej thiab tiv taus ntau yam acid corrosion thiab kev ntxhov siab corrosion. Daim ntawv thov ntxov tshaj plaws (tsim nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 1905) yog npib tsib xee-tooj liab (Ni-Cu) alloy, tseem hu ua Monel alloy (Monel alloy Ni 70 Cu30); Tsis tas li ntawd, npib tsib xee-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy (uas yog, npib tsib xee-raws li kub-resistant alloy), kub-resistant corrosion-resistant alloys nyob rau hauv corrosion-resistant alloys), npib tsib xee-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) alloys (tsuas yog hais txog Hastelloy B series), npib tsib xee-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) alloys (tsuas yog hais txog Hastelloy C series), thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, npib tsib xee ntshiab kuj yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys. Cov nickel-raws li corrosion-resistant alloys yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom rau ntau yam corrosion-resistant ib puag ncig xws li roj av, tshuaj, thiab hluav taws xob fais fab.
Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys feem ntau muaj cov qauv austenite. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab kev laus kev kho mob, kuj tseem muaj cov theem intermetallic thiab hlau carbonitrides ntawm austenite matrix thiab grain ciam teb ntawm cov hlau. Ntau yam corrosion-resistant alloys raug cais raws li lawv cov khoom thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv yog raws li hauv qab no:
Qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm Ni-Cu alloy zoo dua li cov npib tsib xee hauv kev txo qhov nruab nrab, thiab nws cov corrosion kuj zoo dua li tooj liab hauv oxidizing nruab nrab. Cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kua qaub (saib Hlau Corrosion).
Ni-Cr alloy kuj yog nickel-raws li kub-resistant alloy; nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv oxidizing nruab nrab tej yam kev mob. Nws yog resistant rau kub oxidation thiab corrosion ntawm gases uas muaj sulfur thiab vanadium, thiab nws cov corrosion kuj nce nrog rau cov ntsiab lus chromium. Cov alloys no kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau hydroxide (xws li NaOH, KOH) corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion kuj.
Ni-Mo alloys feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev txo qhov nruab nrab corrosion. Nws yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws alloys rau corrosion tsis kam mus rau hydrochloric acid, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen thiab oxidants, corrosion kuj poob ho.
Ni-Cr-Mo(W) alloy muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom saum toj no-hais Ni-Cr alloy thiab Ni-Mo alloy. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm oxidation-txo sib xyaw nruab nrab. Cov hlau zoo li no muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias hydrogen fluoride, nyob rau hauv hydrochloric acid thiab hydrofluoric acid daws uas muaj oxygen thiab oxidants, thiab nyob rau hauv ntub chlorine roj ntawm chav tsev kub. Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu alloy muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ob qho tib si nitric acid thiab sulfuric acid corrosion, thiab kuj muaj corrosion kuj zoo nyob rau hauv ib co oxidative-reductive mixed acids.