Titanium alloy vuam
Thawj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm titanium alloy yog kev txhim kho tiav ntawm Ti-6Al-4V alloy hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv xyoo 1954, vim nws cov cua sov tsis kam, lub zog, plasticity, toughness, formability, weld peev xwm, corrosion kuj thiab biocompatibility zoo, thiab ua tus ace alloy hauv kev lag luam titanium alloy, kev siv alloy tau suav txog 75% ~ 85% ntawm tag nrho cov titanium alloy. Ntau lwm cov titanium alloys tuaj yeem pom raws li kev hloov kho ntawm Ti-6Al-4V alloys.
Nyob rau xyoo 1950 thiab 1960s, nws tsuas yog tsim kub kub titanium alloy rau aero-engine thiab structural titanium alloy rau lub cev. Nyob rau xyoo 1970, ib pawg ntawm corrosion resistant titanium alloy tau tsim. Txij li thaum xyoo 1980s, corrosion resistant titanium alloy thiab siab zog titanium alloy tau tsim ntxiv. Qhov kev pabcuam kub ntawm cov cua sov-resistant titanium alloy tau nce los ntawm 400 ℃ hauv xyoo 1950 txog 600 ~ 650 ℃ hauv xyoo 1990.
Cov tsos ntawm A2 (Ti3Al) thiab r (TiAl) puag alloys ua rau titanium nyob rau hauv lub cav los ntawm lub txias kawg ntawm lub cav ( kiv cua thiab compressor) mus rau lub kub kawg ntawm lub cav (turbine) kev taw qhia. Cov txheej txheem titanium alloys tsim los ntawm lub zog siab, siab yas, siab zog, siab toughness, siab modulus thiab siab siab kam rau ua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv cim xeeb xws li Ti-Ni, Ti-Ni-Fe thiab Ti-Ni-Nb tau tsim txij li xyoo 1970 thiab tau siv dav hauv engineering.
Tam sim no, ntau pua titanium alloys tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nrog 20 mus rau 30 ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws alloys, xws li Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-2Al-2.5Zr, Ti-32Mo, Ti-Mo-Ni, Ti-Pd, SP-700, Ti-6242, Ti-10-5-3, Ti-1023, BT9, BT20, IMI829, IMI834, thiab lwm yam. Titanium yog ib qho isomer, melting point yog 1668 ℃ , hauv qab 882 ℃ nyob rau hauv cov tuab hexagonal lattice qauv, hu ua αtitanium; Saum 882 ℃, lub cev-centered cubic lattice qauv hu ua β-titanium.
Raws li cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm ob lub qauv ntawm titanium saum toj no, cov ntsiab lus alloying tsim nyog tau ntxiv los ua kom lub sijhawm hloov pauv kub thiab theem feem ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm titanium alloys hloov maj mam kom tau txais titanium alloys nrog cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, titanium alloy muaj peb hom matrix qauv, titanium alloy muab faib ua peb pawg hauv qab no: α alloy, (α + β) alloy thiab β alloy. Tuam Tshoj yog sawv cev los ntawm TA, TC thiab TB.Nws yog ib theem hlau alloy tsim los ntawm α-theem cov tshuaj tov, txawm tias nyob rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog α theem, cov qauv ruaj khov, hnav tsis kam yog siab dua cov ntshiab titanium, muaj zog oxidation tsis kam. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 500 ℃ ~ 600 ℃, nws lub zog thiab creep kuj tseem khaws cia, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem muaj zog los ntawm kev kho cua sov, thiab nws lub zog ntawm chav tsev kub tsis siab.